Flowers and Insects. XV

Insects on flowers

Insect biodiversity peaks in tropical rainforest environments where a large but as yet unknown proportion of species are found in the canopy. While there has been a proliferation of insect biodiversity research undertaken in the rainforest canopy, most studies focus solely on insects that inhabit the foliage. In a recent paper, we examined the distribution of canopy insects across five microhab...

Simulation of the Coevolution of Insects and Flowers

Flowers need insects for their pollination and insects rely on the nectar and the pollen as a food resource. But instead of visiting all flowers, the insects limit their visits to a small number. This paper presents a simulation of the behavior of the insects which results in a specialized perception of blossom colors and fragrances by the insects. A coevolution can be observed only based on si...

Xv Xvi

-Monetary policy operates in a different environment than it did a decade ago. Financial market innovations have eroded the distinctions among monetary assets, making the definition of money increasingly arbitrary. Deregulation of interest rates and banking activity is changing the behavior of the monetary aggregates, as banks pay interest on monetary assets and nonbanks offer monetary-like ass...

XV. Geriatrics

Xv. Neurophysiology*

Resting squid nerve membrane actively extrudes Na+ against a large concentration gradient, while another cation, K + , is concentrated passively within the cell by the Donnan equilibrium. During the passage of an impulse, large transient current flows across the membrane; some K + leaves, some Na + enters, but which ions carry the current at which instant, and how it is turned on and off cannot...